Wednesday, April 11, 2007

Fake, False, Fiction... Phonesthemes!

Last semester, I took a linguistics class from Melissa Axelrod (best teacher ever) called Morphology, the study of the smallest meaningful parts of words. For our term papers, we had the freedom to study any topic we wanted, as long as it had at least some distant connection to morphology. At the end of the semester we then had to briefly present our papers. I remember most papers, including mine, sounded pretty boring, but one definitely stuck in my mind: a study on phonesthemes. I've taken a lot of linguistics classes, but I had never heard this term before.
Phonesthemes are either a sound or group of sounds that occur in words with similar meanings. For example, the phonestheme /sn-/ occurs in words all having to do with the nose: snot, sneeze, snout, sniff, etc. This was the first example the two presenters of this paper gave, so at first I thought they simply made up this theory since all I could think of were exceptions, like snail, snow and snack. Apparently, however, loads of research have gone into the study of phonesthemes. There's even a Wikipedia page. Plus I found this gigantic list of known phonesthemes, which of course you can find exceptions to, but it is an interesting idea. Here are my favorites from the list. I think they may have made up some words, and the categorization seems a bit far-fetched, but you get the point.
  • /skr/ Unpleasant, Acoustically Complex Sound: scrape, scritch (screech, shriek), scream, screak (screech), screech, scranch (crunch), scraunch (crunch), scroop (creak, squeak), scrunch
  • /sr/ Unpleasant Sound Or Horribleness: shriek, shrieky, shrill, shrew, shrewish, shrapnel {eponymous}, schrik (a sudden fright or panic), schrecklichkeit (horror, horribleness, devilishness, terribleness)
  • /skw/ Violent, Distorted Movement: squirt, squabble (wrangle, brawl), squirr, squiggle, squirm, squeeze
  • /pl/ Dull Impact, Chiefly In Connection With Water: plump, plunge, plash, plod (walk heavily), plop (drop into water without splashing), plap, plodge (walk in mud, water, plunge), pluff (strong puff), plip, ploosh

Just to clarify, my title to this post was my attempt at discovering a phonestheme:
  • /f/ Untrue, Exaggerations: fake, false, fiction, phonesthemes.
Yeah, if you have to explain your joke, it's just not funny anymore.

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

Check out Margaret Magnus's site if you want the motherlode on Phonosemantics. www.conknet.com/~mmagnus/
As she says, the work is less for linguists (but she's an amazingly accomplished one) and more for poets to further.
Blessings